How can the efforts of temperance movement in response to alcohol be Essay

How can the efforts of temperance movement in response to alcohol be explained - Essay Example During the Victorian era this movement became more drastic, campaigning for legal prohibition of alcohol rather than promoting moral suasion or calling for moderation. All in all, its efforts were perceived in both progressive politics especially female suffrage and religious renewal. Band of Hope, a temperance movement, was founded in Leeds with the working class being their centre of attention. They strived to keep away children of the working class from the dangers of alcoholism. In 1851 there was a success in banning or restricting the selling of alcohol in various parts of the U.S (Nugent, 2011). The prohibitionists formed different organizations inside the movement to address the problem of alcoholism from all perspectives. The anti-saloon league concentrated on creating dry counties and dry states away from alcohol. Moreover, the movement began to look for alternative places to hold their meetings thereby replacing the roles of public bars. Therefore, they introduced coffee pa laces, temperance halls, temperance theatre and temperance fountains where individuals could reliably get drinking water instead of having to get into the saloons. The movement began to nominate candidates for government offices and forming political parties thus producing leaders who supported the ban of alcohol. All in all they believed that taking alcohol was a deviant, moral and offset to Christianity (Nugent, 2011). The temperance movement advocated for its views with mounting stridency with which could not be of comparison to the use of mass media at the moment in terms of response, commitment and scope. The government of United States has identified alcoholism to be its leading drug problem. Consequently, it initiated some tools to promote more self control. The major tool is higher excise tax which inflates the prices on alcoholic beverages (Sartor, 2013). This helps promote standards of living and public health. Other successful control measures are heavy penalties for driv ing under influence of alcohol, minimum purchasing age to deter underage citizens from abuse, privatization in retail alcohol sales dram-shop liability and limitations on alcohol advertising. Privatization has proved to be effective in controlling sales of alcoholic beverages hence commercial retailing of these beverages is made possible. Never the less, the government also amended the constitution in1919 to prohibit the transportation, sale or manufacture intoxicating liquors. Efforts of temperance movement and the U.S response to alcohol explained in terms of racial prejudice Temperance movement gained more recognition in women suffrage after the seventeenth Amendment. This amendment created a new reliable workforce with prejudice to German-Americans together with their breweries which made ban of alcohol a patriotic cause. Moreover, prohibitionists clamored to make alcohol abuse directed to common racial prejudices thereby convincing others to ban alcohol (Nugent, 2011). The anti -saloon league in the temperance movement portrayed Catholics as morally depraved and intellectually inferior as they feared authoritarian orders from Rome would replace their capitalist and democratic principles. Pro-prohibition groups using rhetorical strategies claimed that alcohol influenced African- Americans to commit serious crimes. The

Digital and Analog TV Essay Example for Free

Digital and Analog TV Essay On February 17, 2009, the Congress of the United States mandates the full shift to digital television transmission. The law is perceived to bring several benefits to the US viewing public. Broadcast frequency bands will be available mainly for public safety purposes, for example, police and fire department concerns. Remaining portions of the old TV broadcast spectrum can be offered for technologically advanced applications such as wireless broadband. The use of digital-capable television sets allows American viewers more choices of what programs to watch, since digital broadcasts can accommodate so much more programs (Federal Communications Commission, 2008). The law is not expected to be received openly by the television viewing public, 100 percent. Since it leaves them no choice but to convert millions of TV sets from analog to digital and give up the true fidelity that analog audio signals offer. This paper aims to point out the differences of digital and analog TV. By doing so, advantages and disadvantages of each can be compared and the individual viewer can make a better choice. Robert Silva (2008) lists differences between analog TV and Digital TV. He says these these differences lie mainly in the manner of transmitting broadcasts, signal content within a bandwidth in the broadcast spectrum, and the ability to broadcast in widescreen (169) format. Transmission Analog television transmission is based on and started after World War II with black and white broadcasts. It complied with the US analog TV standard known as NTSC. After several years, color broadcasting was introduced and accommodated under the NTSC system. The video is transmitted through the AM radio band while audio is transmitted through the FM band. The reception quality depends on the distance from the television station transmitters and obstacles in between. The farther away from the transmission station the TV reception is more prone to ghosting and other video disturbances. Although analog transmission can accommodate all the technicalities of high fidelity reception, the assigned bandwidth to a television channel restricts and limits broadcast quality. Digital TV is based on modern digital technology. It was designed for BW and color broadcasts as well as audio. It handles information in the same manner as computers: on (with a binary value of â€Å"1†) or off (with a binary value of â€Å"0†). Digital broadcasts allow viewers to see uniform reception quality regardless of the distance from the transmitter. Either the digital television receives the broadcast or the TV screen remains blank (it does not receive anything at all). Signal Content Digital TV broadcasts can accommodate complete video, audio, and other information signals within the same bandwidth. Furthermore, digital television can accommodate advances in technology like High Definition (HDTV) signals. In contrast, analog TV broadcast can only send limited traditional video signals. Format The development of wide screen format programming allows the broadcast of the 169 format. Today, widescreen LCD television are getting more popular; but still expensive. It offers the advantage of portraying on the TV screen wide footages of events without the camera lens distortion caused by distances. Furthermore, the widescreen image occupies the whole digital television screen. On the other hand, analog television sets will show widescreen images with portions on top and below blacked out. The widescreen format may not be important to the regular TV viewer. For millions of television watchers, the old analog screen is good enough. Conclusion Paul Wotel (2008) gives an objective assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of both digital and analog television. Some people may opt for the old traditional analog equipment such as phones while others prefer the cordless digital phones. If you want sound fidelity, he recommends the old phones. For more advanced applications, such as the PABX systems, he recommends a digital system. The same reasoning may be applied to television sets. However, the present situation requires new priorities which did not exist before. Today, there is much concern on security and priority is given to police and fire department communications. By requiring television stations to convert to digital transmission, most of the broadcast bandwidth can be assigned to security applications. The advantages of digital television allow the viewing public to benefit from the information age we find ourselves in. Digital television can also take advantage of the internet which has become part of the lives of many, particularly the young generation. Considering the continuing evolution in information and entertainment technology we just have to follow the trend out with old, in with the new.

Child Soldiering In Uganda And Sierra Leone

Child Soldiering In Uganda And Sierra Leone A child soldier is an individual categorized as a youth that is recruited by government military and rebel forces to fight, kill, loot, destroy property, lay mines, act as messengers and sometimes used as a sexual slave (Kimmel and Roby, 2007). Children lose their sense of identity, otherwise called lost children, and are found wielding small weapons and taking the lives of others (Druba, 2002). Child Soldiering is evident in European, African, Asian and South American countries, although the focus of this essay will be on child soldiers in Uganda and Sierra Leone, where the issue has been prevalent for many years. These countries have been in a state of war for a prolonged period of time. This causes Uganda and Sierra Leone to be affected in numerous ways such as heavy drains on resources like land, labour and capital. In a war-torn country, these problems are likely to allow for a lowered respect of peoples human worth in respect to military service, making children an easy prey (H oiskar, 2001). According to The United Nations Childrens Fund (commonly known as UNICEF), there is an estimated 300, 000 youth that are involved in the practice of child soldiering today. Due to the harsh conditions that these children are faced with and the effects that they have on these children, a gruelling reality is unfolded. Child soldiering has been coined one of the worst forms of child abuse and labour (Kimmel and Roby, 2007). Many would believe that children are forcibly recruited into rebel forces. They would be correct, although many also join voluntarily. Some reasons for voluntary entry of youth into military roles are for fear of their lives, to protect their families, and for opportunities like access to food and clothing for those who are impoverished. Sadly many of these children that join out of their own free will, never see their families again and are typically estranged from their family members purposely by rebel forces in order to gain control and authority over the youths . It benefits the rebel groups if the children gain a sense of inclusion and belonging within the military setting to ensure they will not seek better opportunities outside of their services and also try to re-establish ties with their families. Doing such things would likely stop these children from re-entering the forces voluntarily (Hoiskar, 2001). To consider a circumstance in which children were forcibly recruited into the military in Uganda is the Lords Resistance Army. War has devastated Northern Uganda since 1986 (Sverker 2006). There is a popular rebel group called the LRA or Lords Resistance Army. They overthrew the Ugandan government and were known for abducting children. The forcible recruitment of child soldiers is common not only to the LRA but other rebel groups in the third world because child labour is widely known to be cheap and therefore poses many benefits. Many of the youth abducted by this group were taken during night raids on rural homes, counting anywhere from 60, 000 80, 000 children. These abductions were known to last from one day to ten years, averaging eight months approximately. The children were given only a few months of training and not long after this were they given guns (Annan and Blattman, 2010). The Lords Resistance Army also affected Sierra Leone. Since the beginning of the civil war in 1991, one million children have been displaced and some of these children on more than one occasion. Fifteen to twenty thousand have become members of this armed group, most of them being under the age of ten years old. Sierra Leone is greatly concerned with the reintegration of these children abducted by the LRA (MacMullin and Loughry, 2004). Although child soldiering is not a recent phenomenon it has substantially increased since the end of the Cold War. Not only are numbers increasing but there is also great difficulty in implementing international legal standards due to reasons such as failed states, internal conflicts, organized crime, minorities and vulnerable groups and mobile or displaced populations. When looking at modern societies that underwent transformations with the establishment of the minimum age for service in national armed forces, populations began to be controlled by mandatory public schooling and general conscription, examples being the scout movement and physical education. In attempts to better Uganda and Sierra Leones standing on the issue of child soldiering, one of the main problems seems to be declining educational background and poor reintegration of the child soldiers (Vautravers, 2008). Problems such as educational decline and poor reintegration of these war-torn children into these African societies have a devastation impact on the economy. With little attention to integration programs in the third world and great difficulty with implementing international policies on child labour such as military service, earnings and occupational opportunities for these children drop. These factors affect labour market success greatly (Annan and Blattman, 2010). Child soldiering in the third world is a topic of importance to me. In high school I took part in a fundraising charity for which I and many other students raised enough money to restore seven child soldiers in Africa. This event opened my eyes to the issue of child soldiering, particularly in Uganda and Sierra Leone, where statistics show it is most prevalent. In this essay I will be arguing that Uganda and Sierra Leones tendency to replace adult soldiers with youths is due to as well as contributing to their destitute e conomy. Theoretical Backing: Taking a look at Modernization theory, child soldiering is deemed backward or immoral in comparison to Westernized ideals. The history of child labour in Western societies is related to the history of how children were partners in a family economy. For example, in the eighteenth century, industrialization led to the employment of very small children. Transitioning into the nineteenth century, children played an important role in key industries like coal mining and textiles. The use of children as labourers was normal in these time periods for it was a necessity for the family income. Every member of a family was needed to contribute to the familys wealth in order to live comfortable and in many circumstances just scrape by. As the end of the nineteenth century was nearing, the essential role of childrens labour began to decline (Schrumpf, 2008). The shift of social roles and responsibilities brought about by war is greatly linked to the breakdown of societal structures and long-stand ing morals. Childrens involvement in war defies the established and generally accepted norms and values in regard to those responsibilities of children and adults (Honwana, 2006). When it comes to combating the prevalence of child soldiers in third world countries, it is important to consider the definitions of both a soldier and a child. Any common dictionary will define a soldier as a person who serves in an army or is engaged in any military service for a particular cause. A child on the other hand is an individual between birth and full growth, a son or a daughter with words such as foolish, petty and immature being tacked to it to portray the Westernized concept of behaviour akin to children (Collins, 2008). Therefore placing children in a position of authority over adults during war is contradictory of Westernized conceptualizations of what children are typically supposed to represent in a society. Likewise, the prevalence of child soldiers in Uganda and Sierra Leone develops a sense of patriarchy (Murphy, 2003). Modernization theory suggests that the third world should adopt the first worlds strategies for economic and societal success. This can be seen as patriarchy. In other words, this demonstrates a father-child type of relationship between the first and third world in which the first world attempts to better the third world through coercion and assimilation while not attempting to necessarily cater to cultural differences and perspectives. This is exactly what the military did to child soldiers when not considering the deleterious effects on the children which caused their failure to be reintegrated into society in turn causing economic hardship for both nations. As previously stated, Modernization theory is based solely on Eurocentric ideas of progress. This theorys goal was to create economically advanced societies with populations living according to appropriate moral codes. Firstly, child soldering can be seen as an act against Western morality. Secondly, economic modernity is seen a positive achievement. Modernization theory attempted to create a strong image of the third world to developed regions of the world and attract positive foreign investment which in turn would contribute to the poverty-stricken economies. The notion of Uganda and Sierra Leone as being incapable war-torn societies comprised of lost children unable to be reintegrated may not be as desirable for foreign investors. Research and Analysis: Child soldiering is directly related to a countrys current economical stance. The effect of war on Uganda and Sierra Leone is devastating, as the nations economy declines as capital and land are destroyed and people displaced. A high level of economic development is an important factor in establishing domestic peace. To prove this, of the ten states involved in armed conflicts from 1994-1998, no use of child combatants was evident. These places being: Cameroon, Comoros, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. One of the dominant shared characteristic of these ten places is that all of them had a medium rate of economic development (Hoiskar, 2001). Child soldiering has a very large impact on the economy as well as education. Injuries to human capitol could hinder a nations productivity and growth for decades (Annan and Blattman, 2010). Youths earnings noticeably drop by a third, their skilled employment halves, and schooling drops by a year. These cause consequences for lifetime labour market performance. A survey was conducted in Northern Uganda where an unpopular rebel group has forcibly recruited youth tens of thousands for twenty years. This abduction is what creates the impact on education and earnings. It is the educational deficit that largely impedes labour market success in Uganda. A widely known example is the Lords Resistance Army which was known for abducting children because child labour is widely known to be cheap and therefore benefitting of the present, already poor economy. Many of the youths were taken during night raids on rural homes, counting anywhere from 60, 000 to 80, 000 children. Abductions ranged from one day to ten years, averaging eight months approximately. Only a few mont hs after training, the children received guns. Now, no more than one thousand youth are thought to remain with the LRA at this time, the remainder being those that had perished during combat or from unsatisfactory living conditions (Annan and Blattman, 2010). This causes the interruption of education. These youth often complain of difficulty when re-entering into the school system, which creates a wide gap in education limiting their options in the labour market. Labour market performance suffers in the quality of work of child soldiers, not the quantity. This abduction appears to interrupt the ability to accumulate skills and capital and thus stalls productive employment (Annan and Blattman, 2010). Additionally, abductees are twice as likely to be illiterate than non-abductees (Annan and Blattman, 2010). Child soldiers are a known threat to national security and the stability of post-war political order, paying close attention to the lack of educated populations and increasing aggression among the nations members. This aggression is known as the gun mentality which is an adopted attitude from the military. War becomes a source of personal enrichment and empowerment. Keep in mind that many of these children are born into war and accept that war is a normal way of life. These children become motivated by patriotism and ethnic power domination which is much like brainwashing. It is unfortunate that not much commitment and sustained effort is put into reintegration of these suffering children. In Uganda and Sierra Leone, child soldiers are treated as a lost generation (Francis, 2007). Despite many opinions about child soldiers being useless, there is evidence in former-war torn and post-conflict societies that suggests ex-child soldiers can in fact be reintegrated into normal society. Th e challenges of protecting these children are important to address. Although it is difficult for international laws to be instilled in the third world due to contrasting ideals and varying definitions of what child soldiers and child labour are, what is known as paper protection is now helping to make international laws protecting children in conflict zones enforceable since 2006. It is important to remember that this is only an attempt and not a successful endeavour (Francis, 2007). Conclusion: Tasks performed by child soldiers are the new face of the traditional child labour practices across Africa, armed conflict being just an extension of these traditional practices (Francis, 2007). Although Child Soldiering is commonly addressed as an issue harmful to the children partaking in the military actions alone, this essay thoroughly demonstrated that it can also effect a countrys entire economy international investment interests. The direct and indirect effects of child soldiering on Uganda and Sierra Leones economy is evident and explored through a Modernist perspective using Rostows Modernization theory as critical analytical support. Child soldiering makes difficult the reintegration of children into society and also disadvantages children in respect to their education. Education in the army for these children is not necessary. Not only is education discouraged but these children are taken from their families and homes at a pivotal point in their adolescent school years. Children leaving the military forces in Africa face higher risk for psychological problems and alienation. They are rarely reintroduced with their family members, often because they are forced to kill them prior to entering the army. This generation of child soldiers is what the countries depend on for economic growth. If these children are already struggling with reintegration as well as obtaining their education, the countrys economical prospects seem bleak. It is for these reasons that this paper has addressed both how and why child soldiering in Uganda and Sierra Leone has lead to these nations economical and political downfalls. Reference Page Annan, Jeannie and Blattman, Christopher. (2010). The Consequences of Child Soldiering. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(2) Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162 Blattman, Christopher. (2007). Causes of Child Soldiering: Theory and Evidence From Northern Uganda. Annual Convention of International Studies, Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://www.prio.no/upload/3598/Blattman-ISA-2007 Collins Canadian English Dictionary. (2008). Child and Soldier. Harper Collins Canada. Druba, Volker. (2002). The Problem of Child Soldiering. International Review of Education, 48(3) Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://www.springerlink.com/content Finnstrom, Sverker. (2006). Wars of the Past and War in the Present: The Lords Resistance Movement/Army in Uganda. The Journal of the International African Institute, Retrieved February 20, 2011, from   http://resolver.scholarsportal.info.proxy.queensu.ca/resolve/17500184/v76i0002/ 200_wotpawtlrmiu Francis, David J. (2007). Paper Protection mechanisms: Child Soldiers and the International Protection of Children in Africas Conflict Zones. Journal of Modern African Studies, 45(2) Retrieved February 20, 2011 from http://resolver.scholarsportal.info.proxy.queensu.ca/resolve/0022278x/v45i0002/2 07_pmcsatociacz Hoiskar. (2001). Underage and Under Fire: an Enquiry into the Use of Child Soldiers. Childhood, 8(3) Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.proxy.queensu.ca/details-sfx.xqy?uri=/ Honwana, Alcinda. (2006). Child Soldiers in Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://books.google.ca Kimmel, Carrie and Roby, Jini. (2007). Institutionalized Child Abuse: the Use of Child Soldiers. International Social Work, 50(6) Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.proxy.queensu.ca/details- Loughry, Maryanne and MacMullin, Colin. (2004). Investigating Psychosocial Adjustment of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone and Uganda. Journal Of Refugee Studies, Retrieved February 10, 2011, from http://journals1.scholarsportal.info/tmp/3974326444682001496.pdf Murphy, William P. (2003). Military Patrimonialism and Child Soldier Clientalism in the Liberian and Sierra Leonean Civil Wars. African Studies Review, 46(2) Retrieved February 10, 2011, from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.queensu.ca/sici Schrumpf, Ellen. (2008). Child Labour in the West. Encyclopedia of Children in History and Society, Retrieved November 10, 2010 from http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Bo-Ch/Child-Labor-in-the-West.html Vautravers, Alexandre J. (2008). Why Child Soldiers are Such a Complex Issue. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 27(4) Retrieved February 10, 2011, from http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.proxy.queensu.ca/details- sfx.xqy?uri=/10204067/v27i0004/96_wcsasaci.xml

Free Essays on Kafkas Metamorphosis: Metamorphosis of Gregor Samsa :: Metamorphosis essays

   â€Å"When he lifted his head a little, he saw his vaulted brown belly, sectioned by arch-shaped ribs, to whose dome the cover, about to slide off completely, could barely cling. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, were waving helplessly before his eyes.† Gregor Samsa has gone through a metamorphosis. This change has turned Gregor into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. The anxieties, inner terrors, and cynicism, which fill Gregor’s life, are expressed by Kafka throughout the novel, metamorphosis. Franz Kafka uses these feelings as an element of Expressionism to convey Gregor’s attitudes towards his life and society. Examples depicting this element of Expressionism used in the novel are Gregor’s feelings towards his job, the effect his job has on his family, and the cruelty that his family displays. The novel opens with Gregor in his monstrous state, late for work. He infers that his job as a traveling salesman is very consequential, yet he is growing tired and frustrated, â€Å"The upset of doing business is much worse than the actual business in the home office, and, besides, I’ve got the torture of traveling, worrying about changing trains, eating miserable food at all hours, constantly seeing new faces, no relationships that last or get more intimate. To the devil with it all!† Gregor has a great amount of fury towards his job, which eventually led to his anger towards society as a whole. The fact that his office manager showed up at Gregor†™s house plays an immense role in creating trepidation and anxieties in Gregor’s mind. Gregor feels strangled by his job and is too weak to tolerate the pressure. In addition to the pressure created by his office manager and society, the Samsa’s, especially Gregor’s father, take advantage of him. Gregor earns the basic income to support his family. â€Å"But of course he actually could have paid off more of his father’s debt to the boss with this extra money, and the clay on which he could have gotten rid of his job would have been much closer, but now things were undoubtedly better, the way his father had arranged them.† The superficiality of the Samsa’s has put Gregor in a difficult position, which is a component causing Gregor’s metamorphosis. Gregor’s family in general, had given him the attitude he has on life. They took advantage of him to the point where he was the means of the family’s survival.

Promote Products & Service Essay

1/ Introduction: After the 3D movie blockbuster of American film called â€Å"Avatar† released worldwide in 2009, a lot of cinemas in the world also start the movie with this technology. In particular, a few years ago, to demand of customers as well as improving the quality of business, there are many investors have invested †3D coffee†. 3D Coffee is gradually developing into a movement entertainment healthy. It looks like a new air crept into the lifestyle of young people. 2/ Business idea: * Create a unique coffee shop, where customers can enjoy nice coffee cups and watch blockbuster movies together. * Establishing a high-speed system of wireless for customers can access free. * This would be an ideal location for family or couple want to relax and talking. 3/ Requirements to  succeed in your business: * Location: The first restaurant should be located in a busy residential area to attract a lot of customers in Sydney. After the first 3D restaurant succeeds, there is more 3D coffee shops will be opened. When brand of shop was known in a lot of cities, we should get franchised and starting this business in other big cities. * Pricing strategy: Give customer a price of product consistent with cost rate. Organizing regular promotions to customers and discount special days. * Quality strategy: maintaining and development the company production that has been consumed widely in the consumer market as well as improve the poor quality production. * Advertising and Promotion strategy:To attract client’s that 3D coffee shop would advertise through TV, radio, magazine, Face book and internet. The shop should have advertising strategies to clients through networking communities. Promotional activities for all products sometimes are showed such as discount activities, promotions and big events to compete with other shops as well as provide information about the restaurant to customers. * Customer service: Creating a professional staffs with higher responsibility. They should be friendly and patient with customers to make customers feeling comfortable and enjoy their visit. 4/ Entrepreneurship: * Design the shop: there are three floors. + The first floor: This floor for staff only, there are bar, toilet, etc. + The second floor: there is one large room with a capacity of 30 people, it can be used to organize offline, enjoy music Audiophile, Lossless lyrical, gentle, combined watch HD movie blockbuster. + The third floor: there are 10 rooms with 5 rooms for groups of friends, families can sit comfortably that have large screen (120 inch), large space,  polite, audio system modernization and 5 rooms for couples, friends with private space, romantic, seat systems extremely relaxing. All rooms are equipped with HD projector – 3D and it can serve 3D movies with high quality. * Customer: The majority of the customers is young people who looking for new things and want to try the different feelings. In addition, this shop also serves international customers who want to find where they can have both their own space to watch movie, enjoy coffee and talk together, so that this is an ideal location. 5/ Business Objectives: A/ The common purpose: Give to customers of all ages who need somewhere for entertainment, relaxation and enjoying favorite movies as well as where customers meet friends. Besides, this shop also serves customers who want to hold a birthday party for your friends, relatives, or want to date, say a marriage proposal, Events, etc. In general, this shop will help customer to reduce stress after a stressful working hours. B/ Shop business purpose: * Bring large profits for the investors. * Bring revenue to the country from tax * The economic benefits contribute to the annual budget: + Income tax + Personal income tax. * Create a professional image, reliable in the hearts of consumers. * To satisfy the entertainment needs of the people, improve the spiritual life, help people to get fun time after hours for learning and work stress, contributing for the cultural life community and re-production labor. 6/ SWOT Analysis: A/ Strength (S): * Ample space, designing layout unique and beautiful, new furniture. * Favorable location. * Reasonable price. * The management work capacity and determination. * Services to provide good quality, high-speed transmission. * The wifi internet service has high speed and easy to register multiple packages Promotions. * Using modern machinery and professional. B/ Weakness (W): * The first capital investment is lacking. * Don’t have patrons as well as reputable supplier for products in the starting days. * The new shop establishment makes it difficult to attract new customers. * Don’t have too much experience in business coffee 3D. C/ Opportunities (O): * Focus on potential clients: students, people with average incomes. * There is good material. * Opening more branch around the world or sell franchise for foreign companies. D/ Threats (T): * Other local shops could try to adopt business idea in a short time. * The large number of new shop that will be opened to competition. 7/ Financial, Legal, Marketing, Operational and Business viability: * Financial:In order to this business succeed and develop which the company have to invest about $500,000. When business achieved and attract customers that will have grown steadily 5% each year in investment. Beside, business should hire accountants to prepare tax return, overt business activities to take care of business tax affairs. * Legal:Business will hire lawyers to maintain activities and resolve with legal and procedure affairs. * Marketing:Pay advertising company to create original Ads, flyers. At the same time, advertise through TV, radio, magazine, Face book and internetas well as developing logo and slogans. * Operational: create a management reasonable system include supervisors, floor managers and leaders to manage staff shifts. All of them should be training and study a course about professional skills to service clients. * Business viability: maintain activities and making a profit and increased steadily per year. 8/ Conclusion: 3D COFFEE†Ã¢â‚¬  will provide a space, an suitable environment for many different demands of customers as well as creating healthy recreation and relax with some reasonable prices. When customers come to â€Å"Coffee 3D† that they will be integrated into the environment lively, friendly and everyone will be linked together easier. Furthermore, this shop will satisfy all the needs of the individual or collective by new services and so interesting. Through the analyse and present research information of project †3D COFFEE†. We think this project will bring high economic efficiency and accordant with the needs of people as well as the general trend development of social especially young people. 9/ References: * Principles of Marketing (26/09/2011) 5th edition, Person Australia.

Feudal System Essay Example

Feudal System Essay Example Feudal System Paper Feudal System Paper In modern society outdated legal systems, such as the feudal system and the common law, are upon as vanquished memories of the past, but in reality the modern legal systems and laws that we live by today have traces of these memories of the past and have been developed from these outdated ones. The feudal system as a very rich history and are the roots of the Canadian legal system, with a very important significance to our modern system. These traces of ancient legal systems will always be a part of Canadas legal system. About the Feudal System The feudal system is a very big system, filled with rich history. Society was dependent on the feudal system, it was the modern legal system for roughly 1600 years through out Europe, in use from 300 A. D to 1400. The Feudal system was based on allocation of land in return for service. The feudal system could be organized in layers and is often looked at in a diagram of a pyramid, with the most honorable and looked after people were towards the top of the pyramid, and the common people towards the base. There were several groups within this pyramid, varying in distance from the top of the pyramid and base, each group under the highest authority was a vassals to the groups directly above them, this meaning that they swore loyalty to them. The king or emperor would always be at the top of the pyramid and be looked at as the most rueful figures and be the highest of authority to all groups in the pyramid. : Under the highest authorities there would be the lords, who were vassals to the king. Under the lords there would be the knights, who were vassals to the lords. Lastly, under the knights would be the peasants, who were bound under the feudal system and also known as serfs. The king would start out by giving the lords fief, which usually consisted of land and the labor of peasants, and peasants, in return the lords gave shelter to the knights, in return the knights provided honor and public respect, also now as homage, and military service. The knights would then pass on food, protection, and shelter to the base of the pyramid, the peasants, in return the peasants would farm the land and pay rent. The feudal system was a way for the upper nobility class to keep maintained control of the lower classes. The feudal system was a system that led to many modern legal systems that take place today. The Feudal Systems Significance to the Canadian Legal System The feudal system is deeply connected to our current Canadian legal system and has many similarities. The feudal system directly connects with Canadas legal system since both of the systems regulated through taxes. In the feudal system peasants were given land to farm and make a living, shelter, and protection in return they paid rent, which served the same purpose as taxes in the Canadian legal system. In the Canadian legal system citizens must pay taxes to the government yearly and whenever they make a purchase, these taxes go to shelters, medical centers, police forces, and military forces, these are then available for the citizens, giving them Job opportunities, helter, and protection. The feudal system ties into today because in the feudal system, unless you were the highest authority, there was some one who would give orders to you in exchange for something. This happens today, an example of this would be at a Job, a worker is given a order by his boss in exchange for money and benefits, while the boss has also received orders from the possible head office or district in exchange for a greater amount of money and perhaps better or more benefits. This would go on and on until the highest point of authority is reached, who s most likely to be looked as the most powerful. The feudal system still exists within the modern Canadian legal system. Our historic legal systems have been a great part of the worlds past, present, and most likely future. The feudal system has rich content that shows how significant it is to the modern Canadian legal system. The feudal system will always be known as a historic legal system, but will also be looked at as the system that inspired the Canadian legal system and will continue to inspire in centuries to come.

The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth Essays

The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth Essays The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth The Principle Events in the Evolution of the Earth's Atmosphere The literal translation of the word atmosphere is sphere of vapors. The Earth's atmosphere is a protective sphere of vapors, or air that surrounds the Earth and provides it with a layer of insulation from the harmful rays of the sun. It is a vital part of the Earth, and has changed dramatically since the beginning of time. The earth's atmosphere has gradually changed since the Earth's birth approximately 4.6 million years ago. In the beginning, the Earth's composition was very different that how it exists today. A long time ago the Earth's atmosphere was very similar to today's Venus and Mar's atmosphere. It had about 95% carbon dioxide, 2-3% nitrogen, and very little, less than 1% oxygen. Today the Earth contains 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 3% water vapor. It is evident that there were many events that happened over billions of years that have contributed to this change in the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth had developed so drastically because of the tremendous dust and gas cloud within the Milky Way galaxy. The Earth grew larger as huge meteorites hit it, and the surface was covered with dust. Volcanoes began to form and emitted lava, ash, and most importantly gases. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen were released into the atmosphere from the volcanoes. This process is called outgassing, and took place within the first million years or so of the Earth's formation. Then, about 4 billion years ago, the planet cooled, and the outgassed water vapors condensed into clouds. It rained and produced the oceans, and even enough to cover 95% of the Earth. In addition, because it rained, there was less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide was lost over billion of years, as the ocean formed there was a chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide and water formed carbonic acid. It is shown in the equation CO2 + H2O = H2CO3. The carbonic acid dissolved oceanic rock into sand, silt, and mud. It is evident because of this geochemical process occurred there is more carbon in the rocks and minerals and there is less in the Earths atmosphere. The Earths first ever oxygen emerged about two millions years ago because of ultraviolet radiation. The water in the Earths atmosphere was split into oxygen and hydrogen because of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The equation for this process is UV-* 2H20 -* 2H2 + O2. The first ever oxygen is from the ultraviolet radiation that occurred in the Earths atmosphere. It is interesting to note that 600 million years ago only about 1% of the Earths atmosphere was oxygen. Significant quantities of oxygen did not begin until plants arrived on the scene. The percentage of oxygen increased when plant life evolved and photosynthesis began to happen on the Earth. The first ever plants were blue-green algae, which lived the Earths oceans. Plants used sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their food in a process called photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis can be easily seen in the equation 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + O2. The plants breathe in carbon dioxide and then release oxygen during photosynthesis, within 500 million years oxygen was the second largest part of the atmosphere after nitrogen. As oxygen became a greater part of the atmosphere the ozone shield emerged. The shield was formed when solar ultraviolet radiation forces the reaction for oxygen to form ozone, also known as 03. The ozone protects the Earth and its inhabitants from the harmful radiation from the sun. In conclusion, the Earths atmosphere has changed dramatically since the Earths origin about 4.6 billion years ago. There are many factors that contributed to this change over time. By getting a better understanding of our Earths atmosphere we can use in many useful ways. We can use this knowledge of the atmosphere for a worthy cause in many areas of science and greatly benefit from it.

Diffusion Lab Report Essays

Diffusion Lab Report Essays Diffusion Lab Report Paper Diffusion Lab Report Paper The step by step process was used by the software so that we could see the different kinds of reactions. According to the data found, we found that with high molecular weight compounds are too large to penetrate the molecular weight cut off pores and no simple diffusion can occur. So it seemed like the easiest way for a solute to pass through a semiprivate membrane was, if it either was small enough to pass or had some sort of carrier protein that helped it along. We expected to see continuous results that do not have much difference in the five experiments that are to be reformed. Experiments were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of a cells selectively permeable membrane and the passive processes of simple and facilitated diffusion. The purpose of this experiment was to make observations based on the computerized simulation providing information on the passage of water and solutes through semiprivate membranes, which may be applied to the study of transport mechanisms in living membrane- bounded cells. We hypothesized that when the sucrose concentration will change, the mass will also change. Introduction: A molecular composition of a plasma membrane is selective about what can passes through it. There are two methods of transport which can occur through the plasma membrane. To be discussed first, the method of transportation is called active transport which uses TAP (glucose) or energy to move substances through the membrane. Secondly, the method oaf passive transport does not require the use of TAP (glucose) or energy. During passive transport (or gradient), molecules are moved through the membrane of the cell by the imbalance of molecules and or pressure between the inside and outside of the cell. Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are all types of passive transports. In a living human body the cells use diffusion as the important transport process through its selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which results because of the random movement of particles. Osmosis is the diffusion of water into and out of a selectively permeable membrane. Because of the selectively permeable membrane, nothing but water and other very small particles can be diffused wrought osmosis. Molecules use their kinetic energy as the motivating force in diffusion. Facilitated diffusion occurs when molecules are too large to pass through a membrane or are unable to be dissolved into the lipid bi-liar. The process or act is when the carrier protein molecule located in the membrane combine with solute and transports them down the concentration gradient. Established gradients are due to the pressure of molecules on each side of the membranes wall. Also the membranes pore size and amount of pores depends on the amount of molecules and fluids in the filtrate. Another type of passive rainspout that is not a selective process is called filtration. Furthermore, the process filtration is when the water and solutes pass through a membrane (such as a dialysis membrane) from an area of higher hydrostatic (fluid) pressure into an area of lower hydrostatic pressure; which means that water and solutes would pass through a selectively permeable membrane along the gradient. Finally the last type of passive transport is called osmosis; which is the diffusion of solvents, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane. This is unlike the rest that are the diffusion of molecules. In ponytails a bit of enfolding plasma membrane surrounds a very small volume of extracurricular fluid containing dissolved molecules. These cell drinking cells are also called fluid-phase endometriosis. The fuse with endmost occurs when the droplet enters the cell. Ponytails is a routine activity of most cells, affording them a nonconsecutive way of sampling the extracurricular fluid, unlike phagocytes. Phagocytes is engulfing of foreign solids by cells. Experiments were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of a cells selectively permeable membrane and the passive recesses of simple and facilitated diffusion.

Business Process Outsourcing, WIPRO.....India's largest BPO provider Essay

Business Process Outsourcing, WIPRO.....India's largest BPO provider - Essay Example Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the delegation of IT related services to an external service provide. It is totally dependent on human interface. At the same time it is capital intensive. Thirdly, it involves the data of the client who is usually from a different country hence, privacy and security too become obligatory. The report covers diverse incidents and opinions from the industry experts. India has provided enough evidence of its capability to handle big and small projects. It receives 80% of its work from US and now other countries are looking at this option. India now needs to improve upon its data protection and HR issues. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is globally now a mainstream business activity. A rapid growth in outsourcing in India has resulted in service providers mushrooming all over. Most lack in the resources, specially trained work force and finances. Except for a few large houses the rest do not have the necessary infrastructure. Brian Glick (2003)1 reports some critics see offshore outsourcing as little more than UK jobs being lost to India and some other developing countries. Nevertheless, it remains the fastest growing sector in the services market. More and more companies in the US and UK are moving their back-end offices to India for business processing to reduce operating costs. The concept of the offshore software development centre was born in India in 1990s when IBM and General Electric returned to India. Today India is a powerhouse of Information technology. The three main reasons according to Ramesh Emani2 why R & D has moved to India are – firstly, the product life cycles are shrinking and the companies are under pressure to launch products faster. The second is cost and the third is availability of talent with competence. IT and language skills in India bring business to India. The growth rate in the Indian BPO industry is 40% against 30% in the software industry. India has set for

Pompeii Discoveries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pompeii Discoveries - Essay Example Following the discovery of the ruins, archaeologists have worked on the site to discover a city stopped in time, completely untouched by the progress of the preceding centuries and thus providing a slightly clouded impression of what life must have been like for this thriving society. Information gathered from eyewitness accounts of the incident as well as archaeological excavations have enabled us in the modern age to pinpoint just what happened on that day in 79 AD and discover a great deal of information regarding the daily life of people in the city at the time of the eruption. The eruption that buried Pompeii was not confined to Pompeii alone, although this is the most famous of the cities that were buried. When Mount Vesuvius erupted, spilling tons of poisonous gasses, molten rock, ash and pumice into the air, this material â€Å"engulfed the surrounding area suffocating the inhabitants of the neighboring Roman resort cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae.†1 While there remains some debate about the exact date of the eruption as it compares with the archaeological evidence2, history has been provided with a first-hand account of the eruption thanks to Pliny the Younger, who had been living at his uncle’s house in Misenum when the eruption occurred and who lost his beloved uncle, Pliny the Elder, to the mountain when he stayed too long trying to rescue survivors. According to Pliny’s account, from where he sat across the Bay of Naples, he and his family could see in the distance a great cloud forming. â€Å"Its general appearanc e can best be expressed as being like an umbrella pine, for it rose to a great height on a sort of trunk and then split off into branches, I imagine because it was thrust upwards by the first blast and then left unsupported as the pressure subsided, or else it was borne down by its own weight

Equity and trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Equity and trust - Essay Example A discretionary trust is a kind of trust, and it can prevail only if a trustee has the core Trust obligation1. For instance , if a settlor creates a trust for the benefit of John Smith with a trust fund of say ? 10,00,000 by appointing Abraham Lincoln as its trustee and to pay any unspent money in that trust to John Smith after 20 years . He also stipulates that within the 20 year, Abraham Lincoln can spend all or any of the trust fund and its income to all or any of the Settlor’s kids or grand kids. The above fall under discretionary trust as John Smith has the authority to decide how to distribute the trust funds for the advantage of the Settlor’s kids or to Abraham Lincoln himself. A fixed trust is one where the trustee may not have any power to select how to divide the trust funds other than the specified beneficiaries2. ... of beneficiaries for whom the trust is meant for and is also known as â€Å" given postulant â€Å" check.4 In IRC v Broadway Cottage Trust5, it was held that so as to fulfil the test of certainty of objects, a whole record of the donees should be recognised failing which the trust would be declared as void or the test is continued to be applicable, particularly for a fixed trust6. In McPhail v Doulton7 , Bertram Baden, as a settlor vested some assets to trustees to divide the income in their complete authority, to employees both present and past of Mathew Hall & Co Ltd or their dependants or relatives. The main issue was whether trust fulfilled the litmus test for certainty of objects and whether it is just a power or a trust8. McPhail case is relating to a discretionary trust where trustees have a crucial obligation to use their discretion to offer benefits to beneficiaries which has been assigned by the settlor to the trustees, and it is not â€Å"just power† given to the trustees by a settlor. Further, the main objective of the discretionary trust is to safeguard both the income and the capital of the fund and as a result, the beneficiaries derive benefits from the outcome of the Settlor’s profligacy. Moreover, discretionary trust is being mainly planned as a tax-avoidance method by making the rights of the beneficiaries under the discretionary trust as vague as those rights are designed more arduous to tax9. In Re Gestetner Settlement10 case, a trust was established for the members of a â€Å"specific class â€Å"as the trustees may choose the beneficiaries as they deem fit from that specified class. IRS argued that the trust was void due to uncertainty, and it was held that under discretionary trust, the trustees have such authority to decide or identify the

Will Google Glasses Replace Other Multimedia Devices Research Paper

Will Google Glasses Replace Other Multimedia Devices - Research Paper Example Generally, Google Glass does not require users to install apps because they command Glassware to communicate with the device and it has a high-resolution that can help in sending contextual information, images and videos thus acting as a new and different kind of device. Interestingly, â€Å"Users can ï ¬ eld phone calls, text messages, e-mails, etc., without reaching into a pocket or bag† [1]. Google Glass provides an answer to almost anything someone would want to know by bringing information quickly and seamlessly to people’s lives. The glass presents extremely useful information to the users and the limitless applications of the device tend to change the fabric of living such as an update on traffic accidents and freeing hands and eyes. With the introduction of Google Glass, people do not need to worry about fumbling with their phones or other digital devices because Google Glass is ready at a moment’s notice. Google Glass has further helped in taking the p hysical out of technology and brings the world more closely while maintaining the benefits that new social and digital technology offers. Moreover, the device can help in sharing what one has with friends through instant streaming such as catching favorite song at a concert. Google Glass is likely to fundamentally transform other human-computer interactions as well as other media because it makes communication and interaction more intimate and is a marvel of integration and miniaturization. Google Glass began a few years ago in the secret off-campus R & D center known as Google X and for a long time, people did not know that the prototype existed until around 2011. However, it is worth noting that Project Glass was not an easy thing, especially convincing people. Google admitted that the initial prototype was fairly bulky although current prototypes are also not still very early.  

Reviwe of an EIA system for major project Assignment

Reviwe of an EIA system for major project - Assignment Example A seemingly centralized mode of screening EIA system in Australia is of two approaches: (i) prescriptive or standardized approach—which entails running the EIA system through the defined legal and regulations guiding its usefulness for a particular project; (ii) discretionary or customized approach—the EIA system is screened based on the individual requirements by the project under consideration (EPA, 2009). greenhouse gas emission would be used to demonstrate how assessment procedures are carried out. From July 1 2008, the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 encourages companies to register and report their greenhouse gas emissions for the fiscal years of 2008-2009. They are expected to reveal the state of their emissions if: (ii) Their corporate group emits 125 kilotonnes or more of greenhouse gases (CO2 equivalent), or produces or consumes 500 terajoules or more of energy to report to the Department of Climate change (Elliot and Thomas, 2009; Burgman, 2005). For the fact that controlling the problem of climate change is the riskiest project for any government to undertake, it is imperative that the suitability of the procedures or processes for assessing for the applicability of EIA must be appropriate. According to the guideline provided by the Northern Territory Government’s Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Art and Sport, the following outcomes are expected in principled if the processes are perfectly carried out: The good news here is that all the observations highlighted above are meant to increase the sustainability of the environment through the reduction of greenhouse gases in the environment (Northern Territory Government, 2009). Past experiences have demonstrated that there is a huge gap between the theories and physical practice in Environmental Impact Assessment. The EIA system chosen for this paper is the

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the Essay

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system - Essay Example As per the research of Beale and Lowndes (2007) the media thanks to the advancement in live television broadcasts and the thirst of the public to have the freshest and most exciting news possible has forced the once responsible media outlets to feed a frenzy of tabloid news reporting when it comes to the criminal justice beat instead. They explained that (Beale & Lowndes, 2007). â€Å"First, through agenda setting and priming, the news media’s relentless emphasis increases public concern about crime and makes it a more important criteria in assessing political leaders. Once the issue has been highlighted, the news media’s emphasis appears to increase support for punitive policies, though the mechanisms through which this occurs are less understood.... Finally, media appears to influence public attitudes about criminal justice policies by instilling and reinforcing racial stereotypes and linking race to crime†. In other words, the news media no longer just reports the news, it also helps chart the path that the justice system will take in relation to a certain crime and the involved personalities. This charting is based upon the medias own preset criteria of guilt or innocence in relation to their own personal or network standards for news reporting and information gathering. With â€Å"justice† oriented programs like Nancy Grace and Jane Velez gracing out TV screens, I believe that the theory of Beales and Lowndes (2007) carry the proper information and weight for me to understand that the media has influenced our perception of the criminal justice system and not in a good way. These days, we make decisions about the guilt or innocence of a person based upon information that these reporters get and, without verification, tell the viewers about. Instead of allowing to make informed decisions, the media instead asks us to make knee jerk reactions about their news reporting which could also be slanted one way or another

Will Google Glasses Replace Other Multimedia Devices Research Paper

Will Google Glasses Replace Other Multimedia Devices - Research Paper Example Generally, Google Glass does not require users to install apps because they command Glassware to communicate with the device and it has a high-resolution that can help in sending contextual information, images and videos thus acting as a new and different kind of device. Interestingly, â€Å"Users can ï ¬ eld phone calls, text messages, e-mails, etc., without reaching into a pocket or bag† [1]. Google Glass provides an answer to almost anything someone would want to know by bringing information quickly and seamlessly to people’s lives. The glass presents extremely useful information to the users and the limitless applications of the device tend to change the fabric of living such as an update on traffic accidents and freeing hands and eyes. With the introduction of Google Glass, people do not need to worry about fumbling with their phones or other digital devices because Google Glass is ready at a moment’s notice. Google Glass has further helped in taking the p hysical out of technology and brings the world more closely while maintaining the benefits that new social and digital technology offers. Moreover, the device can help in sharing what one has with friends through instant streaming such as catching favorite song at a concert. Google Glass is likely to fundamentally transform other human-computer interactions as well as other media because it makes communication and interaction more intimate and is a marvel of integration and miniaturization. Google Glass began a few years ago in the secret off-campus R & D center known as Google X and for a long time, people did not know that the prototype existed until around 2011. However, it is worth noting that Project Glass was not an easy thing, especially convincing people. Google admitted that the initial prototype was fairly bulky although current prototypes are also not still very early.  

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the Essay

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system - Essay Example As per the research of Beale and Lowndes (2007) the media thanks to the advancement in live television broadcasts and the thirst of the public to have the freshest and most exciting news possible has forced the once responsible media outlets to feed a frenzy of tabloid news reporting when it comes to the criminal justice beat instead. They explained that (Beale & Lowndes, 2007). â€Å"First, through agenda setting and priming, the news media’s relentless emphasis increases public concern about crime and makes it a more important criteria in assessing political leaders. Once the issue has been highlighted, the news media’s emphasis appears to increase support for punitive policies, though the mechanisms through which this occurs are less understood.... Finally, media appears to influence public attitudes about criminal justice policies by instilling and reinforcing racial stereotypes and linking race to crime†. In other words, the news media no longer just reports the news, it also helps chart the path that the justice system will take in relation to a certain crime and the involved personalities. This charting is based upon the medias own preset criteria of guilt or innocence in relation to their own personal or network standards for news reporting and information gathering. With â€Å"justice† oriented programs like Nancy Grace and Jane Velez gracing out TV screens, I believe that the theory of Beales and Lowndes (2007) carry the proper information and weight for me to understand that the media has influenced our perception of the criminal justice system and not in a good way. These days, we make decisions about the guilt or innocence of a person based upon information that these reporters get and, without verification, tell the viewers about. Instead of allowing to make informed decisions, the media instead asks us to make knee jerk reactions about their news reporting which could also be slanted one way or another

The Role of Human Activities in Causing Climate Change Essay Example for Free

The Role of Human Activities in Causing Climate Change Essay To begin with, climate change is a tangible problem and its existence can no longer be denied. It would be self-deception to believe that humans had nothing to do with it. Human activities along with natural influences continuously alter the climate of the Earth. However, the fact that near-surface temperature has rapidly increased on the global scale in the past few decades can hardly be accounted for by natural processes. In reality global warming is to a great extent caused by human activity, which has been proven by extensive scientific research (UN Environment Program). By burning coal, natural gas and oil, introducing harmful agricultural practices and destroying forests people make a significant negative impact on the state of the atmosphere, altering its composition irreparably. Reckless and irrational human activities caused the increase in the concentration of the so-called greenhouse gases, such as methane, carbon dioxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide, in the atmosphere (AGU Statement). Nowadays, the humanity fully depends on the energy provided by fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal. This energy feeds the industries, the transportation, generates electricity. However, obsequious use of fossil fuel leads to substantial emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Agricultural needs condition changes in the landscape, deforestation, which in its turn leads to more carbon dioxide being emitted, as dead vegetation is never replaced by new growth that would counteract the emission. Currently deforestation is mostly characteristic of the tropical regions whereas re-growth in the northern hemisphere decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (UN Environment Program). There is reliable evidence of the fact that carbon dioxide buildup is due to human influences. Naturally emitted carbon dioxide differs in the nuclei structure from that produced by burning natural gas, oil and coal. Moreover, non-radioactive carbon dioxide emitted as a result of burning fossil fuels dilutes radioactive carbon dioxide naturally present in the atmosphere. Scientific research clearly shows that total carbon dioxide emission has increased steadily each year and is in direct relation with the human activities. The fact that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greater in the Northern hemisphere can serve as evidence of it being human-induced, as most of the activities involving carbon dioxide emission are conducted in the Northern hemisphere. The fact that a certain amount of carbon dioxide has been added into the atmosphere every year has led to its present concentration, which exceeds pre-industrial level by 30% (AGU Climate Change Position). Besides carbon dioxide, human activities lead to the emission of another greenhouse gas – methane. Its emission results from cattle ranching, rice cultivation and decay in the landfills. An alarming 145% increase of methane content in the atmosphere was caused by human activities. The emission of chlorofluorocarbons used to be triggered by air conditioning and refrigeration, but since it was proved that these gases deplete the ozone layer of the stratosphere, their usage was nearly eliminated. Industrial and agricultural activities lead to the production of nitrous oxide, the concentration of which is currently 15% over the norm. Tropospheric ozone, formed naturally as a reaction to the greenhouse gas emissions, enhances the greenhouse effect dramatically (BBC News). The abovementioned human activities are extremely detrimental to the atmosphere as they create a multitude of tiny airborne particles, which change the energy absorbing and reflecting properties of the atmosphere. Unfortunately, according to the scientific research the increased concentration of carbon dioxide is likely to stay in the atmosphere for many years or even centuries.   Human-induced climate change is reality and the predictions of the scientists are such that it will produce a substantial impact on the climate system, being reflected in the melting of polar ice, changing of the sea levels as well as drought patterns (UN Environment Program). Anthropogenic interference seems to have reached unprecedented extent in the past few decades. According to AGU, the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere enhanced by negative influence of other human activities presents serious grounds for concern (AGU Statement). The positive tendency nowadays is such that climate scientists possess deeper knowledge of the climate system, which allows to take more effective climate policy decisions.   Profound climate research, objective observations, improved modeling and computation have led to tangible progress in addressing the problem of climate change. The communication of scientific discoveries to organizations authorized to make decisions regarding climate change and their wise implementation are sure to decrease the adverse effects of human-induced disaster. In conclusion, there’s no denying the fact that climate change is largely due to human influences. The following human activities have contributed greatly to the alternation of the climate: air pollution, usage of fossil fuels and land alteration. However, now that the problem is obvious and so is its detrimental effect on the humanity, various measures are taken in order to decrease negative impact produced on nature and alleviate its harmful consequences. It is within the human powers to mitigate the climate change effects by cutting emissions of greenhouse gases, introducing rational land management and environmentally friendly technology. Works Cited How Do We Know that the Atmospheric Build-up of Greenhouse Gases Is Due to Human Activity? Common Questions about Climate Change. United Nations Environment Program World Meteorological Organization, 1997 http://www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/05.html Human Impacts on Climate. Adopted by Council December, 2003 http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/policy/climate_change_position.html Statement supporting AGU statement on human-induced climate change, American Astronomical Society, 2004 http://www.aas.org/governance/council/resolutions.php#climate Warming â€Å"very likely† human made. BBC News, BBC, 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6321351.stm What Human Activities Contribute to Climate Change? Common Questions about Climate Change. United Nations Environment Program World Meteorological Organization, 1997 http://www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/04.html

PCR and Southern Blotting: Applications in Medicine

PCR and Southern Blotting: Applications in Medicine Introduction The 1970s introduced an inspirational technique in which a specific sequence could be determined from a sample of DNA via the process of Southern blotting. This method, named after Edwin Southern, provided the basis for a range of common laboratory techniques such as western blotting, eastern blotting and northern blotting [1]. Shortly after, in 1983, a revolutionary method was invented by Kary Mullis, called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [2]. This procedure was originally used to amplify and identify DNA sequences in the human genome. Its use in genetic analysis was immediately recognised, as one of the first publications of its use was of prenatal diagnosis of sickle-cell anaemia [3]. Since then it has been manipulated and a whole array of techniques have been derived from this invention. Both PCR and Southern blotting have been used widely in understanding and identifying microbes which in turn assists the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from infectious diseases. PCR Procedure The sample of DNA is heated up to 90Â °C to separate the two strands of DNA thereby exposing the nucleotide bases on each strand. A primer is then annealed to each strand from the 5 region at around 60Â °C and the temperature is increased once more. The thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme, Taq, prevents contamination by binding free complementary base pairs to the original strand of DNA at temperatures up to 70Â °C. The strands are then cooled and double the amount of DNA is synthesised, and the cycle restarts until a sufficient amount of DNA is produced. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is used when the original sample of RNA is transcribed so that DNA is the product of amplification. The sensitivity of PCR is great, as detection is from a single nucleotide base whilst its quantitative ability is derived from the proportional expansion of amplified DNA from its original size [5]. Southern Blot Procedure Southern blotting begins with a sample of DNA which is first broken up by a restriction endonuclease into smaller, varying fragments. The DNA is then placed into wells to undergo agarose gel electrophoresis where the fragments diffuse across a polarised field according to their size. The DNA is denatured by sodium hydroxide and transferred to a sheet of nitrocellulose or nylon and incubated with a hybridisation probe of single-stranded DNA. This radiolabelled probe binds to the exposed complementary base pairs and can be detected by autoradiography [6]. Southern Blotting Applications in Medical Microbiology Southern blotting is primarily used for DNA fingerprinting, gene sequencing and genetic engineering. It has been used in the identification of strains in microbes such as concluding the type of human papillomavirus extracted from a condyloma. However in this case it provided to be unreliable as it produced false-negatives, as PCR and in-situ hybridisation were deemed to be more efficient [7]. Another use of Southern blotting was in the detection of a strain of Listeria monocytogenes. In this study it was deemed an important technique in verifying species identification and in the characterisation of epidemic strains [8]. This method can be used to DNA fingerprint most microbes and determine a diagnosis and treatment for a patient suffering from their pathogenicity. However it is found to be too laborious, time consuming and requires large amounts of high quality DNA for most routine laboratories yet variations of this technique are still widely performed. The western blot, which uses antibodies as the probe to detect proteins instead of DNA, is a confirmatory test in the diagnosis of a human immune-deficiency virus(HIV) infection [9]. Since the established use of PCR there has become a decreased need for these laborious techniques in DNA sequencing [10]. PCR Applications in Medical Microbiology PCR can be used in detecting the genetic sequence of all microbes. It is useful in detecting organisms in early cultures where organisms are otherwise difficult to isolate, for example in enteroviruses RT-PCR is more sensitive than culture and the gold standard is detection of the this genome in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) by PCR [11]. PCR is also used in detecting genes encoding antibiotic resistance such as in Helicobacter pylori and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However its use is currently unsuitable for the diagnosis of H. pylori as clinical samples may contain inhibitors which can generate false-negatives10. PCR is used in quantifying the viral load of HIV within an infected person therefore determining the effectiveness of their treatment. The problem occurs when the genome sequence of the HIV changes therefore the PCR method needs to be altered and the current test would prove useless9. Currently immunoassays are used in the diagnosis of a HIV infection, however early in infection there is a variable period of time until anti-HIV antibodies can be detected and this provides a potential area of identification of the HIV by PCR [12]. Pitfalls of PCR include that the sample must be kept cold during storage and transport to the laboratory, the expertise required for analysing and interpreting results as well as standardising between different laboratories and finally the expensive cost of the procedure compared to available techniques9. Conclusion The applications for PCR and Southern blotting are enormous however they have limitations which prevent it from being routinely used in the diagnostic laboratory. With the advance of technology both are being developed, especially PCR, and have endless applications in medical microbiology.

Case Analysis: Calling 911 Essay -- Case Study, Emergencies, Human Fa

1. What human factors problems did you identify in the case study? The first human factors problem I identify is the sparking electric night-light. It is the cause of the fire and thus it is definitely had the design problem from the aspect of human factor. Next is the design of installation of steel security bars at each and every window. Although the design of the steel security bars is to protect the residents of the house, it has a fatal disadvantage which is limited the escape action of the residents. The case study proposed a solution to it which is panic hardware. However, the house only installed one set of panic hardware and this indicated another human factor problem that occurred in setting up the security system of the house. Moreover, the one and only set of panic hardware in the house was required to be stomp harder for activation. This reflected poor human factor design of the panic hardware. Another human factors problem that I identify in the case study is the miscommunication between the 911 operator and the Fire Department dispatcher and also between the Fire Department dispatcher with the nearby fire station unit. Although the operator clarified the address was No.9 to the dispatcher, the 911 operator missed the word â€Å"avenue† as part of the address when the operator was informing the Fire Department dispatcher the location of the fire incident. Moreover, due to the miscommunication between them, the rescue actions had delayed more than four minutes. To make the situation worse, the dispatcher sent wrong address, 3100 block of 9th Street in his order to the nearby fire station for rescue action which should be 3102 block 9th Avenue. Besides the above problems, as written in the case study, the likene... ...can prevent the occurrence of accident. In addition, the pressure needed to activate the set of panic hardware does not fit the emergency situation and the user too. It should be easier and faster in activation as it is designed for emergency escape plan. Last but not least, the city should put some effort in differentiate the street names to avoid the misunderstood or misinterpretation of the address which will cause latent failures. Works Cited Health and Safety Executive. (2014a). HF in accident investigations. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/topics/core2.pdf Health and Safety Executive. (2014b). Identifying human failures. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/topics/core3.pdf Health and Safety Executive. (2014c). Safety critical communications. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/topics/common3.pdf

Bubonic Plague Essay examples -- Disease/Disorders

In the early 1300's, an outbreak of a deadly disease commonly known as the "bubonic plague" occurred in China. The precious lives of these people were being taken with no warning at all. It is said that the victims "would eat lunch with their friends, and dinner with their ancestors in paradise." (Boccaccio, 2011) Due to the trading that was going on between countries at that time, this devastating disease eventually spread to Asia and Europe. The tragic loss of lives was a mystery to the people of that period. They lived in fear from year to year, because they never knew when this mass murderer would hit next. Clearly even the children had to find unique ways of coping with the tragic events occurring; as the well-known nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosie" is actually a reference to the 1300's bubonic plague with its description of the round rosy-red rashes, pockets filled with scented herbs, and the cremated ashes of the dead. (NA, Ring Around the Rosy Rhyme) It was not until a round 1894, that Alexander Yersin discovered the bacteria responsible for this devastating disease. The mass murderer turned out to be a small harmless looking microbe by the name of Yersinia pestis. It is believed today that Yersinia pestis is a microbe that actually originates from natural bacteria living in the soil, that simply went pathogenic. This virulent, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium can grow with or without oxygen. It is able to survive for several months in cool, moist conditions. (Schoenstadt, 2008) It is a zoonotic microbe most commonly found in oriental rat fleas. In most cases these tiny, havoc-wreaking bacterium actually gather together and block the proventriculus in the flea, which prevents it from digesting it's food. This in... ...ague-in-2011-appears-in-new-mexico/ Orent, W. (2001, November 1). Will the Black Death Return? Retrieved April 18, 2012, from Discover Magazine: http://discovermagazine.com/2001/nov/featblack Plague. (2005, February). Retrieved April 12, 2012, from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/ Schoenstadt, A. (2008, October 28). Yersinia pestis. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from eMedTV: http://plague.emedtv.com/yersinia-pestis/yersinia-pestis.html TheMedievalNun. (2012). The Black Death. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from Squidoo: http://www.squidoo.com/the_black_death Wilkins, A. (2011, August 30). The bacterium responsible for the Black Death was once a mild stomach bug. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from i09 We Come From the Future: http://io9.com/5835859/the-bacterium-responsible-for-the-black-death-was-once-a-mild- stomach-bug Bubonic Plague Essay examples -- Disease/Disorders In the early 1300's, an outbreak of a deadly disease commonly known as the "bubonic plague" occurred in China. The precious lives of these people were being taken with no warning at all. It is said that the victims "would eat lunch with their friends, and dinner with their ancestors in paradise." (Boccaccio, 2011) Due to the trading that was going on between countries at that time, this devastating disease eventually spread to Asia and Europe. The tragic loss of lives was a mystery to the people of that period. They lived in fear from year to year, because they never knew when this mass murderer would hit next. Clearly even the children had to find unique ways of coping with the tragic events occurring; as the well-known nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosie" is actually a reference to the 1300's bubonic plague with its description of the round rosy-red rashes, pockets filled with scented herbs, and the cremated ashes of the dead. (NA, Ring Around the Rosy Rhyme) It was not until a round 1894, that Alexander Yersin discovered the bacteria responsible for this devastating disease. The mass murderer turned out to be a small harmless looking microbe by the name of Yersinia pestis. It is believed today that Yersinia pestis is a microbe that actually originates from natural bacteria living in the soil, that simply went pathogenic. This virulent, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium can grow with or without oxygen. It is able to survive for several months in cool, moist conditions. (Schoenstadt, 2008) It is a zoonotic microbe most commonly found in oriental rat fleas. In most cases these tiny, havoc-wreaking bacterium actually gather together and block the proventriculus in the flea, which prevents it from digesting it's food. This in... ...ague-in-2011-appears-in-new-mexico/ Orent, W. (2001, November 1). Will the Black Death Return? Retrieved April 18, 2012, from Discover Magazine: http://discovermagazine.com/2001/nov/featblack Plague. (2005, February). Retrieved April 12, 2012, from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/ Schoenstadt, A. (2008, October 28). Yersinia pestis. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from eMedTV: http://plague.emedtv.com/yersinia-pestis/yersinia-pestis.html TheMedievalNun. (2012). The Black Death. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from Squidoo: http://www.squidoo.com/the_black_death Wilkins, A. (2011, August 30). The bacterium responsible for the Black Death was once a mild stomach bug. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from i09 We Come From the Future: http://io9.com/5835859/the-bacterium-responsible-for-the-black-death-was-once-a-mild- stomach-bug

Marriage: When a Man Meets His Woman Essay

â€Å"For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.† (New International Version, Genesis 2.24) Marriage as we all know is the union of a man and a woman to become husband and wife. Marriage is where the smallest unit of the society begins––the family. Marriage is the door to procreation. Marriage is a sacred vow and according to Hebrews 13.4, â€Å"Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral.† Marriage is a game that children play. When children are tired of playing, they simply quit. When children encounter problems while playing, they quit. When they want to play again, they simply do so. Marriage is a deep relationship between the husband and the wife. It is intimate. It involves not only their physical self but their hearts and souls as well. Quitting is not an option should they become tired or should they encounter problems. Timothy had a good description of a responsible husband, â€Å"Now the overseer must be above reproach, the husband of but one wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, not given to drunkenness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money† (1 Timothy 3.2–3). Though Timothy specifically dedicated these verses to an overseer (or a bishop during their time), the characteristics given are truly what a husband should possess in order to please God and to make their marriage last. Since a husband is the head of his family, he should really possess qualities that will help him manage the â€Å"small society† given to him by God. A man should seek God’s wisdom in choosing the woman to marry. Man, having free will, makes plans for himself. In most cases, these plans failed or never happened because those are not God’s plans. â€Å"Many are the plans in a man’s heart, but it is the Lord’s purpose that prevails† (Proverbs 19.21). The Holy Bible describes the â€Å"perfect† woman to have fear of the Lord (Proverbs 31.30), has wisdom (Proverbs 31.26), and not quarrelsome (Proverbs 19.13). A woman can possess all these characteristics if she is living according to God’s will. With the Holy Bible as our reference, the first husband and wife were Adam and Eve. In the story of creation, God created man according to His image and likeness on the sixth day. He made man the steward of all His beautiful creations. God said in Genesis 2.18, â€Å"It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.† So God had Adam fell asleep, and took one of his ribs. Out of the rib God created the woman. Then Adam said in Genesis 2.23, â€Å"This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman,’ for she was taken out of man.† So this is the love story of our great, great, great, great, great grandparents. If you are interested to know the ending of our love story, read Genesis to find out. If we are to analyze our course verse (Gen. 2.24), a man will leave his parents and will be united with the woman as one. They are no longer two separate, different individuals, but they are one. Marriage binds this two unrelated people into a sacred union. The man will now live not only for his own but for his wife. Same is true for the woman. Both will â€Å"forget† themselves and will create a new self out of two obviously different individuals. This is in accordance to 1 Corinthians 7.4 ­, â€Å"The wife’s body does not belong to her alone but also to her husband. In the same way, the husband’s body does not belong to him alone but also to his wife.† Also in Ephesians 5.28, â€Å"In this same way, husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself.† These two Bible passages do not refer to the physical body alone but to whole identity of the man and woman—physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and let’s add financial. Being united as one, husbands and wives share resources. The â€Å"I† mentality is no longer applicable in marriage. It’s now the â€Å"us† or the â€Å"we.† A man’s burden is also his wife’s burden. A man’s achievements are also his wife’s achievements. A man’s failure is also his wife’s failure. A man’s dreams are also his wife’s dreams. In Genesis 2.18, God said that it is not good for a man to be alone. So He created a â€Å"helper† suitable for the man. â€Å"Helper† does not literally mean a house helper, or a slave, or a maidservant. Helper here means a co-worker; a colleague; and the most appropriate description of a helper, a partner. A husband now has a partner in everything. He has someone to share his goals, visions, aspirations, problems, weaknesses, and frustrations. He has someone to help him make decisions. He has someone he can rely on anytime. He has someone to grow old with. God binds a man and a woman in marriage. â€Å"So they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate† (Matthew 19.6). It is very clear that no man should cause the fall out of anyone’s marriage. It is very clear that God’s plan in the very beginning is a lasting marriage for husbands and wives. Unfortunately, even during Moses’ time, divorce was already a show stopper. â€Å"If a man marries a woman who becomes displeasing to him because he finds something indecent about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house† (Deuteronomy 24.1). For the record, this was not God’s original plan. Laws for divorce were made because of the Israelites’ hard-headedness. But they could only file for a divorce if either one was proven guilty of marital unfaithfulness. â€Å"I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery† (Matthew 19.9). This is for the husband’s case. For the wife’s case, â€Å"So then, if she marries another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is released from that law and is not an adulteress, even though she marries another man† (Romans 7.3). Paul, in his first letter to the Corinthians, also addressed the issue on divorce. â€Å"To the married I give this command (not I, but the Lord): A wife must not separate from her husband. But if she does, she must remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband. And a husband must not divorce his wife† (1 Corinthians 7.10–11). The Holy Bible, from the Old Testament up to the New Testament, has teachings on divorce. This is how important and sacred marriage is for God. He wants every man and woman to enjoy the companion of each other. Hardships, troubles, and problems happened in marriage not to break it but to strengthen it. Some were not able to withstand the pressure brought about by these problems and ended their marriage. There are married couples today, who are having problems with their relationship, opt for divorce, believing that this is the best solution for their problems. What comes after divorce? Annulment, the couples now arrange the invalidation, dissolution, termination of their marriage contract.   The sacredness of marriage is slowly being neglected. If fact, there were some who re-marry after annulment. Marriage is a lifetime vow. Only death can separate a husband from her wife. This is God’s original plan. 1 Corinthians 7.39 says, â€Å"A woman is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to marry anyone she wishes, but he must belong to the Lord.† In this verse, the wife is only freed from the marriage vow because of the death of her husband. God wants every husband and wife to enjoy their vow as long as they live. How can a marriage last? Married couples who put God in the center of their relationship will definitely last. God, being the author of one’s life, never fails anyone who trusts and completely obeys His will. In Proverbs 16.3, â€Å"Commit to the Lord whatever you do, and your plans will succeed,† God assures married couples that whatever plans they have, success is an assurance, provided that they commit their lives to the Lord. God has given many advices on how to have a successful marriage. All of these can be found in the Holy Bible. So it is advisable for everyone, not for married couples only, to meditate the Word of God day and night (Joshua 1.8) because the Holy Bible contains God’s laws, promises, blessings, curses, and precautions that will serve as our guide. In Colossians 3.18, God instructed wives to submit to their husbands because this is His will. Husbands are also required to love their wives and never ever be harsh to them (Colossians 3.19). One marriage conflict is who has the authority over the family. In Colossians 3.18, wives should submit to their husbands. Also recall that God created man to become the steward of His creation. Woman was created to become man’s helper or a partner steward of God’s creations. Another answer to who has the authority over the family is written in Ephesians 5.23–24, â€Å"For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.† Wives submission to their husbands does not mean that the husbands are in charge of everything. As partners, they are both involved in decision-making and planning. But wives should acknowledge the fact that their husbands are the team leaders of the family. As team leaders, husbands preside the â€Å"meeting† and distribute the task to the whole members of the family. 1 Peter 3.1–2 says, â€Å"Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands so that, if any of them do not believe the word, they may be won over without words by the behavior of their wives, when they see the purity and reverence of your lives.† Actions speak louder than words. If someone’s husband is still an unbeliever, the actions of his wife, according to the previous Bible passage, can make the husband become interested in learning God’s words. According to Proverbs 12.4, â€Å"A wife of noble character is her husband’s crown, but a disgraceful wife is like decay in his bones.† So a wife’s submissive attitude is worthy for her husband will truly respect her. Not only that, God will be pleased with her because according to 1 Peter 3.4, â€Å"Instead, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quite spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight.† Though wives should submit to their husbands, the husbands in turn should not abuse their wives submissiveness. â€Å"Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that nothing will hinder your prayer.† (1 Peter 3.7) The Book of Proverbs says how precious a husband’s wife is and why she deserves to earn her husband’s respect, â€Å"He who finds a wife finds what is good and receives favor from the LORD† (Proverbs 18.22); â€Å"Houses and wealth are inherited from parents, but a prudent wife is from the LORD† (Proverbs 19.14). So a prudent, well-respected wife is the Lord’s gift to faithful husband. Respect, aside from love, is a very important component of marriage. Respect in fact is one way of showing love to your husband or to your wife. Never ever disrespect your husband or your wife for this could be the start of a misunderstanding. God had promised Abraham that he will become the father of all nations and that his children will become as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore (Genesis 22.17). The fulfillment of this promise is dependent on procreation, which is legitimate to married couples. Even before God revealed the promise to Abraham, He already declared that He will increase the number of humans on Earth, â€Å"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it† (Genesis 1.27–28). To this day, many recognize Abraham as the father of all nations. God’s promise was fulfilled. God loves man so much that He encourages the procreation of many men. Man, among all God’s creation, is the most especial creation because man is created according to His own image and likeness. He enjoys seeing His wonderful creation. Above all, God considers men His children. â€Å"Marry and have sons and daughters; find wives for your sons and give your daughters in marriage, so that they too may have sons and daughters. Increase in number there; do not decrease† (Jeremiah 29.6). In the book authored by Rick Warren, The Purpose-Driven Life, he identified the five main reasons why God created man. Man is created to worship God, to have fellowship with other men, to be trained to become Christ’s disciplines, to participate in God’s ministries, and to evangelize the words of God. God deserves to be worshipped. God loves to see His wonderful creations worshipping Him. Through marriage, more men will worship God. This is way God wants men to increase in number, not to decrease. Because God wants to see many men giving Him praise. Men should have fellowship with one another. God wants to see how His wonderful creations enjoy the company of one another. Fellowship is one way to develop a harmonious relationship among God’s children. Fellowship is also a training ground for us to become disciplines of Christ. Once trained, we can now participate in God’s ministries. And most of all, we His children are being prepared to evangelize, to spread the Good News of salvation. You may think that this is no longer related to marriage. But all these things started from the union of a man and a woman. Above all, everything has started from the wonderful plan of God for us. God wants to establish a nation of men who will worship Him. To do this, our God created the universe, which we know as the story of creation. To start the nation, He created a man and a woman. God created marriage so this man and woman could start to procreate and increase the number of men and women on Earth. Millions of years had past. Today is our present time. Today, many men and women submitted to the vow of marriage. Unfortunately, many marriages encountered so many problems. Unfortunately, these problems cause the destruction of some marriages. The sacredness of marriage is not preserved. Procreation, which should be done under the oath of marriage, is related now to pre-marital sex. God has a perfect plan for us. God made marriage to be sacred and holy. Divorce is detestable to God. Let us spread the awareness on the true reasons why God created marriage. God gave us the Holy Bible to be our guide in our daily living. The Holy Bible has many teachings on marriage. Marriage is supposed to unite a man and a woman deeply in love with one another. Marriage is a lifetime relationship. Marriage combines two persons into one. God, through marriage, created one individual out of two. What God has created, no one should separate. More importantly, marriage is the very reason life continues to exist.   WORK CITED The Holy Bible, New International Version. USA: International Bible Society, 1984. Warren, Rick. The Purpose-Driven Life: What on Earth Am I Here For? USA: 2002.