Mexican Independence from Spain - 2073 Words

Mexican Independence from Spain In the late 18th century, the Spanish monarchy decided to improve the defenses of its empire because of its many military losses in Europe. Because of this, the Spanish Crown was forced to increase revenues. Between 1765 and 1771, Spain sent Josà © de Gà ¡lvez on an official tour of inspection of New Spain. He restructured the current taxes and their collection methods.. In 1778, Spain, attempting to increase its own revenues, lifted restrictions on colonial trade. This allowed more commerce for the colonists and allowed for more trade between the privileged of New Spain and the other Spanish colonies in America. Since the Spanish monarchy was so determined to improve defenses, it was forced to enlarge†¦show more content†¦Many Criollos in New Spain began to read the works of the Enlightenment writers and then began to question the benefits and reasons for their colonial relationship with Spain. The Mexican colonists were also affected by the examples of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. All of the aforementioned factors contributed to the independence movement of Mexico. However, the main steps towards independence came because of Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808. The monarchy was greatly weakened when Napoleon gave the crown to his brother causing the people of Madrid to revolt. With Spain’s back turned, the leaders of New Spain began to argue amongst themselves. The viceroy was forced to allow the Criollos to participate in administration. Then, a group of Peninsulares, those who had been placed in many of the administrative positions, did not like that the Criollos were gaining any influence in the government. They staged a coup d’etat and overthrew the viceregal government. Shortly before dawn on September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla made a monumentous decision that revolutionized the course of Mexican history. Within hours, Hidalgo, a Catholic priest in the village of Dolores, ordered the arrest of Dolores native Spaniards. Then Hidalgo rang the church bell as he customarily did to call the indians to mass. The message that Hidalgo gave to the indians and mestizos called them to retaliate against the hated Gachupines, or nativeShow MoreRelatedExploring the Mexican Independence from Spain Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesextent was Mexico’s independence from Spain a â€Å"full-scale assault on dependency†? This essay will investigate how the Mexican independence from Spain was only slightly a â€Å"full-scale assault on dependency†, due to several political and social conflicts. Firstly, Mexico remained a monarchy (but not under the control of Spain) after the insurgency. Secondly, there was still an official state religion i n Mexico. Another reason is because social conflicts reduced the desire for independence .On the other handRead MoreMexican Independence1279 Words   |  6 PagesMexican Independence In New Spain, the Bourbon monarchies in 1808-1810 encouraged some creoles leaders to strike for total independence under the cover of Ferdinand. On July 1808, Napoleon’s capture of Charles the VI and Ferdinand the VII, and capture of Spain reached Mexico causing intense debate between Mexican elites. Creoles and Peninsulars prepared to take power and ensure their group would have power over the other; New Spain, like other Spanish colonies, went through the crisis of the BourbonRead MoreThe Transition Of The Mexican California Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pagesachieved independence in 1821. Americans were excited when Mexico gained its Independence. They assumed great things were to become of the country. Mexico had an abundance of resources and even more land. Expectations became a harsh reality for Mexican California. The transition from colony to republic proved to be a difficult one. Although the era of independence can be described in so many words, it is important to ackn owledge the unstable, vulnerable, exploitative aspects of Mexican CaliforniaRead MoreMexican Independence ( Rough draft ) Have you ever thought of something youre so curious700 Words   |  3 Pages Mexican Independence ( Rough draft ) Have you ever thought of something youre so curious about? Something that your curiosity runs completely insane because you need the full information or a full story about what really happened or how did it happen ? Well I did, When a research paper was assigned about Spanish Culture I was only Interested into one topic and thats the History or background oh how the Mexican People receive their Independence. Like how America had it’s own story of itsRead MoreHistoric Life Of Indigenous People And Europeans1257 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence during the 13th centuries in Mexico’s central valley. Aztec civilization contained people from Tlacopan and Tenochtitlan. The city Tenochtitlan was an important city which was where the Aztec capital was located. By the 15th century, the first European known to visit Mexican territory was Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba and Governor Diego Velasquez de Cuellos. They arrived in the Yucatan from Cuba in three ships which contained a bout 100 men in each ship. It was not long till the SpaniardsRead MoreMexico : A Unique Country1750 Words   |  7 Pagesearly seventeenth century, the indigenous population went from 25 million to under 1 million. Survivors went to central and south of Mexico, becoming the permanent underclass of virtual slaves and landless peasants. The Aztec Empire was then replaced by the equally hierarchical, authoritarian and militaristic Spanish Empire. Mexico was the richest of Spain’s colonial possessions. Spanish had a good clutch on Mexico because of this. Spain sent a viceroy (regal official to run country, colony, cityRead MoreThe American Of The Mexican American War1121 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican-American War was a gruesome and bloody battle involving the two major powers between the Americans and the Mexicans. The first major power was the annexation of Texas and the second power is the protection along with the acquisition of the territory. States provinces such as California, Texas and New Mexico is inherited by Mexico from Spain. Mexico government was weakened and practically bankrupt after the war and was unable to take control of their territories. Before the war startedRead MoreA Brief Note On The United States And Mexico1447 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to achieve and sustain a positive relationship with another county it is essential to understand their culture. Culture is defined as the aspects of a society that separate them from the rest of the world, such as through language, beliefs, customs, traditions and government (Nowaczyk, n.d.). Mexico is a country in South America that the United Stated has a very strong relationship with. We share a 2000 mile border so a two-sided relationship is very important between us because it hasRead MoreEssay about The Independence of Spainish Colonies in America1174 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic problems in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The empire was stretched to its limit politically and socially with the threat of an uprising from the slave population in its empire. The economy also played a major role and the outlook was just as bleak for Spain with the American co lonies drifting towards independence. Spain did not seem able to cope with its empire and had found itself in trouble with regards to mining which was at the centre of political and social systems, theRead MoreAnglo Expansion : B. A Frontier State Of Mexico1222 Words   |  5 Pages SECTION TWO: Anglo Expansion: B. In less than thirty-year’s time, Texas was a province in New Spain, a frontier state of Mexico, its own independent republic, and ultimately the twenty-eighth state admitted into the United States. Explain how this transformation occurred. Was there one key event that signaled the transformation, or was it due to a combination of forces and if so, what were they? Back to history, Texas was inhabitant by indigenous people and domination of their cultures lived in

The American Dream Malcolm X and Rugged D. - 1643 Words

The American Dream: Malcolm X and Ragged D Throughout history, individuals have strived to achieve the â€Å"American Dream.† Whether they worked endless hours to achieve financial stability or fought infinite amounts of people for their equality, their drive came from the understanding that if they tried hard enough, they would be prosperous and successful. The different viewpoints of the â€Å"American Dream† are depicted in the books, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, as told by Alex Haley, and Ragged Dick, Or, Street Life In New York With The Boot-Blacks, written by Horatio Alger. Malcolm X was known to challenge the notion of the â€Å"American Dream†; however, his life, alongside Ragged Dick, can be depicted as a model of the â€Å"American Dream.† Struggling with discrimination, beginning their lives in poverty, and pursing a better life through education are key components that helped Malcolm X and Ragged Dick discover their own â€Å"American Dream .† In his book, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm faced with adversity from the beginning of his life. Malcolm was born May 19th, 1925, during times of extreme racial violence and harsh discrimination . His family moved to Lansing, Michigan to avoid the persecution of local white groups, but they could not escape racial injustice. White supremacists burned Malcolm’s family home and murdered his father. Overcome with grief, Malcolm’s mother was confined to a mental hospital. Malcolm was then given to foster parents. He felt out ofShow MoreRelatedAmerican History Eoc Study Guide5327 Words   |  22 PagesAmerican History EOC Study Guide 1) Reconstruction: A plan to reconstruct the society after the Civil War. This divided the south (except Tennessee) into 5 military districts under the control of the U.S. Army. It was the attempt to reconstruct the south, readmit the southern states back into the Union, and change the life of African Americans. (pg. 414) 2) Freedman’s Bureau: Congress created this in March of 1865 in order to provide help for thousands of poor black and white southernersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesservice purchase, he or she tells six other potential buyers. In contrast, a dissatisfied consumer informs 25 other potential buyers. That is the leverage of quality in shaping consumer sentiment, which is vital in powering the two-thirds of the American economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not fromRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesof marketing feedback Information adequacy Cost problems Marketing orientation Planning orientation 536 536 539 549 551 551 553 555 565 576 585 587 589 589 593 610 624 625 627 627 627 642 648 652 664 667 677 679 679 680 684 688 690 697 703 711 x CONTENTS 16.10 Organizational issues 16.11 17 Summary 713 721 723 725 725 726 728 734 747 757 762 765 767 767 767 798 809 811 813 853 Management control – 1 17.1 Learning objectives 17.2 Introduction to control 17.3 Control defined 17.4 BasicRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesExercise for Gaining Power 311 Repairing Power Failures in Management Circuits 311 Exercise for Using Influence Effectively 312 Ann Lyman’s Proposal 313 Exercises for Neutralizing Unwanted Influence Attempts 314 Cindy’s Fast Foods 314 9:00 to 7:30 315 x CONTENTS SKILL APPLICATION 317 Activities for Gaining Power and Influence Suggested Assignments 317 Application Plan and Evaluation 318 317 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 319 Gaining Power and Influence 319 Scoring Key 319 Comparison Data

National Identity Free Essays

India is a democratic country after it gained its   independence in 1947 from British who ruled India for nearly two centuries.     India is popularly known as a Hindu nation which has various Gods and Goddesses for praise and worship and celebrates quite a number of religious festivals every year which carries different cultures and traditions for practicing rituals.   India practices caste, creed and religion system   and multi-regional language system where each State which are totally 29 in number, carry a unique and distinct language which is spoken only by local resident people of that State and there are only 5 percent people in India who speak English. We will write a custom essay sample on National Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now India is the second most popular country in the world which has a population of 1.1 billion people as per the records of 2007. India’s economy is 12th largest in the world   and its government is headed by Prime Minister and cabinet ministers who form economic policies of the government. There are democratic parties in India under various leaderships which campaign for votes every five years for winning the term elections. Official view For whichever party gets majority of votes in an election comes into the leadership to form National Government for a term of five years.   India has a Constitutional Law and Judicial Law apart from Administrative Laws and Economic Laws and Policies. India’s national identity is its national flag   in tri- colours viz., saffron indicates   courage, sacrifice, the white indicates   purity and truth, green indicates   faith and fertility and in the midst of the flag there is a wheel in navy blue color which is termed as Dharma Chakra indicating the wheel of law which has 24 spikes in it. The national flag of India is a symbol of freedom for all people in India. The flag is hoisted each year by the Prime Minister of India on 15th August as a mark of national Independence Day. India has many ancient forts and palaces that are built by dynasties of various kings   and it is a proud place to carry one of the wonders of the world The Taj Mahal in the city of Agra which is a marble monument built by a king called Shahjahan.   There is also Red fort in the city of Agra, Palace of a king in the city of Mysore,   The Charminar in Hyderabad, and there many tourist places. There are many industries, corporate houses and five star restaurants and resorts homes which are contributing to the GDP growth and development of nation which is around 7-8 percent per annum.   India is an agricultural based country and in many parts of the country the yielded crop is lost due to either heavy rains, floods which is why there is a short supply of essential grains, pulses   and vegetables and Government in order to meet the needs of consumers, imports wheat, sugar and oil from outside of India. There is still below poverty line in India even after 60 years of independence and country continues build its public infrastructure and telecommunication systems. The national identity changes in each country, traditions, and how to maintain the idea – and What has globalization done to it? India has many problems within its political and economic system due to which the economic growth is not on the rapid rise. Indian currency rupee faces lot of inflation giving price rise in essential commodities which affect the common public who are mostly middle class which is a vast percentage in India. Luxury class is very small percentage and it is the middle class and poor people whose life styles are affected due political and economical imbalances.  Ã‚   The stability in national government is always a doubting factor for people each time elections are made as the opposition parties raise a voice in Parliament questioning each and every mode of development which makes it very difficult for ruling government. India has a unique national identity of Hinduism as a religion and secondly country’s largest democracy with 1.1 billion population, there are problems in drinking water, supply of electricity,   unsafe roads and lack of education for many people who reside in rural areas. Globalisation has enabled India to be recognized as a blue-chip place for computer technology as there are many software and hardware engineers, commencement of new and existing blue chip companies in the field of software and hardware technology and this has encouraged foreign nations to supply computers and accessories apart from Internet broadband. Further sales in mobiles, digital cameras, advanced facility telephones, televisions, VCDs and other electronic goods have become the status symbol and almost everyone has an electronic gadget whether it is a mobile or a camera which is the latest trend in India. Bollywood movies and film   stars are a heartthrob for overseas Indians. How are the nations responding towards the idea of National Identity Many foreigners visit India to take note of what is so special about India and after a travel, tourists find   food in India is good and available at a low price, Indians demonstrate a friendly gesture to foreigners although mannerisms and etiquette are not at par with that of foreign standards, it holds good for a temporary visit to India.   Many Hollywood celebrities visited India viz., Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Pierce Brosnan, Johny Depp, Nicole Kidman   and Will Smith apart from President Bush and Laura Bush who visited India in the year 2005 and India and U.S. have entered into a Nuclear Deal Agreement to supply nuclear fuel which is yet to be approved by Senate of U.S. India has an active stock market and Reserve Bank policies which give rise to sensex in stock exchanges. India has many industries in apparel, chemical, ready-to-eat food companies, FMCG, precious metals, five star, three star   hotels and many software based corporates while many still many being commenced apart from real estate sector   construction of small, medium and luxury homes. References Brian Stanley, Alaine M. Low, Missions, Nationalism, and the End of Empire Accessed May 2, 2008 http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2NCvZWNkQxkCpg=PA111lpg=PA111dq=India+national+identitysource=webots=wZtvqnAX_1sig=LaOEbfdG84LZuMgZBucB6juz50chl=en India and Globalisation Accessed May 2, 2008 http://www.bimaljalan.com/speech150102.html    How to cite National Identity, Essay examples National Identity Free Essays National identity affects the culture of India National identity refers to the individual’s sense of belonging to it. National identity may refer two people with different in personalities, geographical locations, belief systems, time and even spoken language, yet regard themselves and be seen by others as members f the same nation. The national identity is created and constructed it may not necessarily be false, as there is a constant agreement on the existence, if not on the definition of the nation as an entity. We will write a custom essay sample on National Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now National identity is desired to see us in the nation, but nationhood also arises out of a wish to make sense of our world, to have our place in it legitimized. National identity is a fundamental means of self-definition. In other words national identity is often taken to mean a shared structure of feeling, largely imagined consciousness that is reinforced both through life’s daily routines as well as through ritualized, symbol-laden, celebrations of nationhood. Nevertheless, the negotiation of a national identity is a continuous and entirely voluntary process, which demands inclusively and the fair representation of peoples and cultures. National identity is about on a foundation of fact and fiction that together form an account or story of origins, myth, tradition, and invented tradition are systematically employed towards the making of a common ancestry. The basis for shared belongings and a distinctive identity vis-avis the identity of other nation–states. Therefore national identity is the sense of belonging nurtured by a commonly shared history, cultural continuity and belief in a national destiny (Cameron, 1999). National identity and Indian culture National identity in India was seen as individualizing each individual in terms of the globalization, religious nationalism and insecurity. India, with its multitudinous cultures, is fast shedding the mantle of its old identities and poised to wear new ones when Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å" India lives in its village â€Å" he meant national identity. India has the largest population villages and towns in the world. Whereby, 70% of its citizens live in villages. This shows that Indians dominates in village and agriculture contribution to its annual GPD, since that no much as been changed since Gandhi’s time. In social, Indians regions have remained either romantic or colonial, both of which are nonexistent. A national identity may be a transient thing. But, what remains when nothing else will is an Indian sensibility. This is woven in each and every nuance of life that an Indian sees around himself. From sharing the connotations of the color red to the understanding of the mechanics of living within a society, the fact is that this knowledge exists within the framework of Indians values. This understanding that is uniquely called an Indian â€Å"sensitivity†, is what defines India. The sensitivity of Indian people is what means neighbors extend help and support to each other when they can live peaceful and unobtrusive lives. The social impact that the nation identity has brought into the regions is that Indians have been reared to live within a community in an interactive co-existing manner (Ganti, 2004). The culture change of Indians has been brought up by foreign adverts that used through medias, cinemas, but Indian audience does not cultivate the international taste, this is because majority prefer cinemas that they can relate to the change of culture of Indian which was due to the westernized nationalism where some of the Indians admired the character of Hitler, where it was known that Hitler attempt to reconcile change and continuing by taking of roots and traditions in a situation of industrialization and urbanization. This was for the Hindutva practice, whereby issues regarding national anthems, dress and foreign foods are given prominence, while profound social changes continue to affect every day life as before. The national identity formation in Indian culture was seen as expiring the Indian culture where it was affected by the globalization. The cultural heads in India like shanty Kumar’s Gandhi examined how cultural imagination of nation identity have been transformed by the rapid growth of satellite and cable television in postcolonial India. This group evaluated the growing influence of foreign and domestic satellite and cable channels are the major contributors that are going to affect the culture of Indian people. Kumar argues that India hybrid national identity is manifested in the discourses found in this variety of empirical sources (Menon, 2007).   He formed a group of representative in the nation and regional level that can promote the Indian languages in term of vernacular where media groups allocate some programs that encourage the use of national identity. In India minority has been used to describe people like the Dalits who are numerically significant but who, for politico-ideological reasons have been denied their right to full citizenship. Indians authority arrived at a point of allowing the mosaic of peoples and nations within a nation-state to enjoy pull rights to culture and communication. There are two aspects, which are centralized to the making and maintenance of national identity. Firstly the right to culture-the inalienable right to every nation irrespective of its status, to practice, express, promote its identity as a community provided that this does not infringe the rights of other nation to do the same. In other words an individual person rights needs to be located within a cultural of right is what sustains national identity. India is a tough case for any scholar trying to develop a general theory of nationalism, and with few exceptions, it does not figure in general introductory texts on the field. India is hardly a station cultural similarity or even equality in the western state: it is a country with deep embedded hierarchies and a very considerable degree of internal cultural variations (Juluri, 2004). References Cameron, K. (1999). National Identity. Intellect Books. Juluri, V. (2004). Becoming a Global Audience Longing and Belonging in Indian. Onent Longman. Menon, M. M. (2007). Cultural History of Modern India. Bergnahn Books. Ganti, T. (2004). Bolly Wood: A Guidebook to popular Hinds cinema. Routledge. How to cite National Identity, Essay examples National Identity Free Essays Japanese preserves their culture and their uniqueness to the world. In the beginning, the Japanese people are by natural means are isolated to all other nations and cultures in the world. But in the later, they have self-imposed their isolation up to now. We will write a custom essay sample on National Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Japan is known in securing the welfare the groups and not by individual welfare. This means that a Japanese individual is working for sake of the family, the local community, the corporation, and the country but not for himself/herself. Nihongo is the the distict language of Japanese with distinct characters. Among their culture is wearing of kimono especially during traditional Shinto wedding. Among their famous tradition is Geisha, where Japanese entertainers have many myths about their lifestyle and history. Koto is a famous traditional musical instrument while Samurai were warriors of pre-industrial Japan. Japanese maintain their pride and distinctiveness that is why they discourage marrying their children with other nationalities. Further, only a handful Southeast Asians can be allowed to immigrate in Japan. On the other hand, China is known for The Great Wall of China and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Mei and Zhenzhi (2007) cited that, ‘red lanterns, dragon dancing, kung fu, Peking opera costumes, Chinese musical instruments, Oriental women in modified changshan, etc. are among their symbols’. Mandarin and their characters are less complicated than Japanese but are more complicated than Korean characters. Chinese are popular for their zodiac with animal characters and Feng sui. Mei and Zhenzhi (2007) added the traditional holidays like the Chinese New Year, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Moon Festival. The Chinese New Year is also different from the rest which is determined by the Chinese lunar-solar calendar. Chinese calendar divides a year into twelve month of 30 or 29 days. Architecture, customs, values, family structure, and cuisine are very unique. References Eckstein, A.J. (1999). Japan’s National Identity: Nationalists or Not? Retrieved October 31, 2007 Mei, W., Zhenzhi, G. (2007). Globalization, national culture and the search for identity: A Chinese dilemma. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from (http://www.wacc.org.uk/wacc/publications/media_development/2006_1/globalization_national_culture_and_the_search_for_identity_a_chinese_dilemma)       How to cite National Identity, Essay examples National Identity Free Essays I agree that education has succeeded in fostering a positive sense of national identity. To both the citizens of Singapore and international bodies, a strong national Identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to live harmoniously with one another. From the sass, various schemes were Introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams. We will write a custom essay sample on National Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from deference language streams were brought together on one compound and ran by one administration. The first Integrated government school was Buick Panging Government High School, which managed to bring together the English and Chinese streams under one roof. Also, measures were taken to place the different language streams on equal footing, for example, by Introducing common examinations. Before the scheme was Introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting In lesser children attending schools then. However, with the scheme introduced, children of all races and backgrounds can grow and learn together in harmony, without any form of biasness. The national pledge recited in school daily by both teachers and students is also another way of fostering the same national identity. It is stated in the pledge that ‘we, the citizens of Singapore, pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race, language or religion’. This is said at the beginning of the pledge, emphasizing its importance. The pledge would have been explained by teachers when students first entered primary school and with the constant recitation of the pledge, it is inevitable for the pledge to be deeply engraved in our minds, and the pledge, in our hearts, reciting it every morning, inanely pledging to abide by it. In Singapore, moral and national education is taught to students throughout the whole of their primary school and secondary school lives. According to the revised Moral and National Education Curriculum Guide published in June 2012, one of the aims stated for the subject is to develop a recognition of identity. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsars stated in the â€Å"Policy Address 2010-2011 † that moral and national education would replace the current moral and civic education in order to ‘strengthen national education’. This shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government Is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, In order to Include more national education related topics, to Inculcate a positive national identity In the students from a young age. National Identity By Toxin identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams. One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from difference administration. The first integrated government school was Buick Panging streams on equal footing, for example, by introducing common examinations. Before the scheme was introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting in lesser children attending schools then. However, shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, in order to include more national education related topics, to inculcate a positive national identity in the students from How to cite National Identity, Papers

Douglas Dunns elegies Essay Example For Students

Douglas Dunns elegies Essay Following the death of his wife from cancer, Douglas Dunn chronicled his resulting feelings and emotions in a series of poems entitled Elegies. Essentially this collection reflects on a period of introspection as Dunn comes to terms with her absence. Through the poets depth and range of emotion feelings of love and loss, ideas that are intrinsically linked, are expressed.  Even prior to the death of Dunns wife there is a profound sense of sadness, primarily due to the inescapability of what is to happen. In Thirteen Steps and the Thirteenth of March, which revolves around the days preceding his wifes death, the poet talks of my rather than our high house. Dunns sense of general acceptance only goes to highlight his vulnerability and thus heightens the poignancy of the situation. Consequently this sense of hopelessness sets a tone for the remaining poems, which are often rooted in the past tense. With nothing to look forward to but heartache, Dunn immerses himself in memories, reminiscing primarily the good times that he shared with his wife but also recalling the times of heartache and struggle as his wife slowly succumbed to cancer. In the poem France the poet recalls the summers that he has spent with his lover, I counted summers, our loves arithmetic. We are given the impression that France is very dear to his heart and that by merely closing his eyes he can conjure up images of meadows, river, woods and jouissance and a time of happiness, which is unique to him and his wife. This memory is drawn from a time of bliss and harmony but is brought about because of feelings of loss for times like that. In Thirteen Steps and the Thirteenth of March Dunn recalls a much sadder image in which his wife is turning down painkillers for lucidity, through this recollection his love his expressed through the immense pride he feels for her bravery. Therefore despite the contrasting nature of both memories, feelings of love and loss are both evident. Dunns dependence on past memories suggests he is becoming considerably isolated and lonely, further highlighting the poignancy of his situation. This is evident in At the Edge of a Birchwood in which the finding of a dead bird immediately leads him to draw comparisons with his dead wife in heaven, heard in the archival; choirs now where it sings. Indeed the use of the diminutive bird, little, only goes to extenuate the sense of pathos that now shrouds Dunns situation. In Dunns poetry the most poignant and heart rending moments occur when sentiments of both love and loss are brought together in microcosmic situations. For instance in the Thirteen Steps and the Thirteenth of March Dunns wifes fingers have dwindled so much so that she can no longer wear her wedding ring. In this particular example there are elements of both love and loss, which intensify the feelings of sadness. Essentially the wedding ring is a union of the bond between them representing their love for each other. The fact that Dunns wife can no longer wear the ring ultimately symbolise the ending of the union between the couple and the loss that results from this. Despite the sadness evoked by Dunns poems they are often written in a sense of celebration for the life he has shared with his wife, we learn of the uplifting effect she has on him even in death, I feel her goodness breathe, my Lady Christ. Specifically in Thirteen Steps and the Thirteenth of March, when in her company the world seems to stop, time was out and everything else seems irrelevant. Furthermore their love for each other is compounded by the reference to the erotic flame of candlelight. .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .postImageUrl , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:hover , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:visited , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:active { border:0!important; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:active , .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf70bbb40af964413f87d5f87442c463c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: J.B. Priestley's Intention in Writing An Inspector Calls EssayConversely the poems of Thomas Hardy (1912-1913) who probably had a large influence of on the Elegies of Dunn, suggest a much more turbulent and neglectful relationship. Although both poets are troubled by guilt following the death of their wives, as pointed out by J.M Lyons in The Art of Grief, these feelings are of a contrasting nature due to the relationship each poet shared with his wife. The guilt felt by Hardy stems from the neglectful way in which he treated his wife and ironically it is only through her death that this becomes fully clear to him. In The Walk, Hardy says that he would leave his wife, weak and lame and go for walks, not thinking of you left behind. Only when she is no longer there does the neglectful treatment of his wife become resoundingly clear to him, Only that underlying sense/ of the look of a room on returning thence. Unlike the warm and comforting memories of Dunn in poems such as France, Hardys poetry reflect the intense guilt that consumed him during their writing and consequently he is now a man faltering forward, haunted by the memory of his wife. Dunn on the other hand cries for the absurd forgiveness as he has done nothing that should make him feel guilty. The guilt that he suffers is felt by all widowers or widows that it was their partner who died and not them. Consequently his guilt is expressed by what appears to the reader to be quite banal occurrences but to Dunn they are memories to linger on and think what would have happened if he had done something differently. In Empty Wardrobes he regrets not buying his wife a dress, ultimately it is the fact that he will never be able be with her and make her happy rather than the fact he did not buy the dress on that occasion that upsets him the most. Over the course of the Elegies the reader is given the impression that Dunn has matured from a man who was once rooted in the past to a man who is willing to look forward. In the last poem, Leaving Dundee the opening of a small blue window in the sky and the leaving behind of thunder suggest that for Dunn there is light at the end of the tunnel. By returning to things that he shared with his wife familiar things of love, that love me, he knows that his wife will always be with him and he can now begin to overcome her loss.